International Journal of Philology

The article substantiates key structurally semantic and stylistic features of phraseological units on the material of phraseological dictionaries. The ways of realization of phraseological units are considered and the classification of phraseological units according to semantic, structural and stylistic principles is characterized. The purpose of research is to analyse the structural-semantic and stylistic features of phraseological units on the material of German-language phraseological dictionaries according to three principles: semantic, structural and stylistic. Results of research. The study of German phraseological units was based on three main principles: semantic, structural and stylistic. According to the semantic principle, German phraseologisms have been considered on the basis of their classification into weak or quasi-idioms, semi-idioms and full idioms. Phraseological units are unevenly distributed according to thematic and lexical-semantic principles. Phraseologisms are used as a variety of expressive and pictorial means. They are also able to express the widest range of emotional states. In other words, in this work phraseological units are represented semantically both by phraseological combinations and unities, and by phraseological mergers or idioms. They play a key role in the self-expression of speakers, i.e. with their help the interlocutors express an assessment or indicate a certain emotional state. Among the semantic groups, the most represented are six of them: praseologisms related to emotional state, mood, character and appearance; praseologisms related to reason and stupidity, as well as communication and relationships between people; praseologisms related to biblical and religious events, money, wealth, as well as material and social status; praseologisms related to the history, wars, traditions and culture of the people, and with folk legends. It also includes phraseological units related to work and business; praseologisms related to death; phraseologisms from ancient Greek and ancient Roman mythology, as well as phraseological units related to literary texts. The most common among German phraseologisms by structure appeared to be phraseological units with verb as a key component with a total of 32% and set sentences in the form of proverbs, sayings, aphorisms, imperative sentences, conditional sentences, sentences formed by the model of comparison with the conjunction ‘wie’, which are 28%. The frequency of use of these phraseological units indicates the dynamic nature of the story, as well as actions, behavior of speakers as direct participants in communication. The results of the study indicate that the stylistic possibilities of German phraseological units, selected from lexicographic sources (the vast majority of phraseologisms belongs to the creative heritage of German literature) are quite diverse. The most represented in this respect are the lexical and phonetic stylistic phenomena, as well as tropes and figures

phraseology; phraseological unit; set expression; weak idiom/quasi-idiom; semi-idiom; full idiom; equivalent; analogue; calquing; descriptive translation; structure; semantics; stylistics